During the gilded age, the shift to a system of mass production that paid workers low wages affected

Women, men and children.

Explanation:

During the Gilded Age (1860's to 1896), there was a rapid and important transformation in matters of the economy, society, politics, and technology, mainly because of the U.S. shifting from an agrarian to an industrial economy. And although this period is called "Gilded", it was only that good for the upper and middle classes (organizations, industrialists, bankers, politicians) who enjoyed extraordinary wealth at the expense of the working class. 40% of this class was poor and were paid very low wages, which inevitably forced women and children to go out of their homes and to look for jobs as well in order to survive.

Women, men, and children very often had to live in very poor circumstances, they had to work under dangerous conditions, and they had jobs with low wages in which they did not receive any benefits at all and had to face long hours.