In indian music, the saman is a. a melodic pattern linked to the time of day. b. a rhythmic pattern. c. the first beat of a rhythmic cycle d. a drone.

the first beat of a rhythmic cycle

Like all antiquated monographs of India, the Saman chanting was delivered down to lineages by the teacher-pupil verbal culture. Incorporations are compelled to happen in verbal routine but then, the Vedic hymns where Mantras, where the sound had religious implications, were such that there was barely any room to intervene.

troy donahue,   i think.