Which of these states the significance of the timeline?

mark antony's defeat was the most important event in the history of the roman republic and led to octavian's alliance with egypt.
power struggles between men like julius caesar and ruling bodies led to the gradual transition from the roman republic to the roman empire.
roman dictators were often overthrown only after long periods in office, but octavian refused to follow this pattern.
the assassination of julius caesar led to a period of democracy and stability in the roman republic.

2points which excerpt from thomas paine's common sense best represents an attempt to appeal to ethos to persuade the reader? a. the infant state of the colonies, as it is called, so far from being against, is an argument in favor of independence. b. to talk of friendship with those in whom our reason forbids us to have faith is madness and folly. o c. oye that love mankind! ye that dare oppose, not only the tyranny, but the tyrant, stand forth! o d. i am not induced by motives of pride, party, or resentment to espouse the doctrine of separation and independence..