Me after the constitution was ratified, some federalists believed that a federal bill of rights was unnecessary because a. the united states was not a monarchy. b. portions of the english bill of rights had already been included in the constitution. c. the system of checks and balances would prevent congress from abusing its power. d. people were already promised these rights under state constitutions.

c-three

explanation:

legislative, executive and judicial

`stare decisis is a legal doctrine that obligates courts to follow historical cases when making a ruling on a similar current or future case. stare decisis ensures that cases with identical facts be approached in the same way, unless overruled by the same court or a higher court such as the us supreme court. simply put, it binds courts to follow legal precedents set by previous decisions.

stare decisis is a latin term meaning "to stand by that which is decided".

a phrase from a poem by ralph waldo emerson about the battle of lexington and concord. emerson's words read, “here once the embattled farmers stood / and fired the shot heard round the world.”

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