Why did the caliphs demonstrate religious tolerance to jews and christians?
a. the caliphs believed all three religions shared the same god.
b. the caliphs hoped tolerance would generate higher levels of trade.
c. the caliphs thought that everyone followed the five pillars of islam.
d. the caliphs knew freedom of worship led to an overall stronger empire.

the answer is D.the caliphs knew freedom of worship led to an overall stronger empire.

the effect of the ming leaders banning ships with more than two masts was that there was no further construction of ships masts, because there was a surplus. ming emperors disallowed foreign exploration

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.