In the early 1990's, president f. w. de klerk worked from within the south african government to end apartheid, while resumed his position as president of the african national congress, and worked to end apartheid from the outside.

“i think it is very plausible that if there are five votes to end the death penalty, it could be with the people who are on the court right now,” - smith

so basically it is not clearly and consistently imposed

the northwest ordinance of 1787 guaranteed basic rights for settlers and banned slavery there.