Doctors, lawyers, managers and other middle-class workers during the industrial revolution were collectively known as the .

   Bourgeoisie

Explanation:   During the Industrial Revolution, the conditions of life and the demographic composition of the population dramatically changed. There is a class of workers who in the overpopulated cities are looking for any kind of job for a very low hourly rate. These are primarily non-specialized workers whose work is always poorly paid. On the other hand, a class of so-called specialized workers whose salaries were far greater were created over time. In addition, new urban living conditions have demanded more and more occupations such as traders, bank officials, accountants, managers, lawyers, doctors, teachers. This new middle class started to earn very well, and unlike workers in the factory that received hourly salaries, this new middle class received monthly or annual salaries. Over time, this middle class has become rich in the fact that they also began to employ fewer workers for their own needs. Even with bigger development and salary increase over the years, many from this middle class have gained political power and influence. That's how the bourgeoisie came to be.

the two things that develop a strong social foundation are: a. separation of church and states e. education received attention separation of church and states separate the illogical  argument that came from religious beliefs to a fact based belief. while education will make us remember the past to avoid the repeat of our mistakes.