What motivated menelik ii to hire european experts to modernize ethiopia in the late 1800s

Menelik || wanted Ethiopia to benefit from upgrades that would later help it defend its independence.

Explanation:

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

adopted the practice of proskynesis, a persian court custom that involved bowing down and kissing the hand of others, depending on their rank.