After the civil war, both poor whites and former slaves were often without the means to keep or acquire land of their own. they were forced to work someone else's land and promise part of the harvested crop to the merchant to pay for their tools and the seed used to farm the land. what was the system called?

Lloyd’s of london was one of the first institutions to offer insurance to merchants and joint-trade companies. a major part of the insurance system involved people who agreed to take responsibility for the insured losses in return for a fee. what were these risk-takers known as? a. joint-stock companies b. investors c. underwriters d. merchants e. capitalists