Which of the following were offered aid by the marshall plan? a) all european countries b) all western european countries c) south korea d) all eastern european countries e) all members of nato

Correct  A) All European countries.

Explanation/context:

The "Marshall Plan" was named after the man who then was US Secretary of State, George C. Marshall.  Officially the plan was called the European Recovery Program.  Marshall announced the plan in 1947, and it went into effect in 1948.  The intent was to provide aid and rebuilding to European economies after the damaging effects of World War II.   Eastern bloc countries, however, rejected the plan, so it ended up as a plan that benefited Western European nations and not Eastern European nations.

In his speech introducing the plan, Secretary Marshall had said:  "Our policy is not directed against any country, but against hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos. Any government that is willing to assist in recovery will find full co-operation on the part of the United States. Its purpose should be the revival of a working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist."

The view in the communist-controlled Eastern bloc was that the US was trying to use such a policy to spread its influence and threaten their patterns of government under communism.

the hereditary right of a monarch to rule from the mandate of heaven

the crusades are one of the most significant events in the history of europe and the middle east.   they were a series of religious wars carried out by christian crusaders from europe during the timeframe of the middle ages.   beginning in 1095 ce, the crusades saw european knights and noblemen travel to the middle east in an attempt to capture the holy land away from muslim people that had controlled the region for the previous centuries.   the term crusade means ‘cross’.   therefore, the europeans that became crusaders viewed themselves as ‘taking up the cross’.   in fact, many of the crusaders wore crosses on their clothing and armor as they made their pilgrimage to the holy land.

explanation: