Why did muslim people in the middle east and other parts of asia experience hardship during the time of the european middle ages?

a.
attempts to force muslims to convert to christianity resulted in imprisonment or slavery for thousands.

b.
threats of disease from east asia and attacks by western european jews made life hard.

c.
high taxes and lives as serfs took a heavy toll on the muslim people.

d.
central asian armies under the mongols repeatedly invaded and conquered parts of the muslim world.