Which was a factor that cause the french revolution of 1848 apex?

Which was not a primary motivation for republicans to promote congressional reconstruction over those policies proposed by lincoln and johnson

The formation of business monopolies in the late 1800s was made possible by the (1) effects of laissez-faire policies (2) passage of federal antitrust laws (3) elimination of the free-enterprise system (4) adoption of socialist economic practices

Without george washingtons invention, what aspect of life most likely would be impacted