European cities like rome paris and london became major economic and population center because they were founded along or near

when people started to question traditional christian beliefs, they became criminals in the eyes of the church: they were accused of heresy and then, executed. the church held unbelievable power and anyone who tried to defy it or its beliefs, was demonized and persecuted.

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adopted the practice of proskynesis, a persian court custom that involved bowing down and kissing the hand of others, depending on their rank.