How did trench warfare contribute to a stalemate in world war 1

During the first few months, both sides tried flanking each other to beat them. This in turn, led to building fortifications to prevent being attacked on the sides. This sort of maneuvers and counter-maneuvers created trench networks extending from Switzerland to the English Channel.

It's worth noting that it wasn't just one long narrow trench. There were miles of switchbacks, communication trenches, supporting trenches, reserve trenches, and artillery placements. Also, no man's land wasn't always hundreds of yards long. Some points along the trench forward posts were literally within an arms reach of each other. All of this on top of a haphazard maze of barbed wire, machine guns, gas, and mines not too many soldiers were eager to charge headlong into battle for a few yards of ground. Some French soldiers even protested against futile attacks.

in the united states, the president is controlled by the

constitution, and in all respects subordinate to it. insofar

as it deals with presidential power, however, the american

constitution has proved to be a highly malleable document.

with very few exceptions,' the constitutional provisions relating to the president have not been changed at all since

they were ratified in 1787. but in the late twentieth century, those provisions do not mean what they meant in

1787. the constitution is a legal document, and it is enforced judicially; but its meaning was hardly fixed when it

was ratified. in particular, the contemporary president has

far broader powers than the original constitution contemplated. it is remarkable but true that large-scale changes in

the authority of the president have been brought about

without changes in the constitutional text, but nevertheless

without significant illegality.

this is a paradox. is it not clear that constitutional

changes, if not textual, are illegal? the paradox has considerable relevance to our current thinking about the presidency in particular and about constitutionalism in general.

perhaps the framers of the american constitution feared

legislative power most of all; 2 but from well-known events

in the twentieth century, it is possible to conclude that it is

presidential power that holds out the greatest risks to both

liberty and democracy. the president is by far the most visible leader in the nation; he is often the only person in government with a national constituency. moreover, he is