Which of the following was/is a challenge by the environment to african peoples? a) insuficient water supplies b) too much or too little rainfall c) poor soil d) all of the above

D) all of the above

Explanation:

All of these are significant problems for the people of Africa. Many regions in Africa have poor soil, which makes agriculture unreliable and insufficient. Moreover, water is an important problem for the region, as rainfall is often excessive or insufficient. Finally, besides rainfall, many areas have insufficient water supplies such as rivers and lakes. All of these make life in many regions of Africa difficult.

your answer is

to dominate europe

and i know for a fact it can't be the others

bismarck believed in using force

is the correct answer!