How did the byzantine empire respond to pressures from neighboring states?

What is the main idea of this excerpt? 1.1.3

Which of these statements describes a long-term impact of european imperialism in africa? a. african countries joined together to present a united front against imperialism. b. europeans paid african countries after colonizing them, offering these new countries a fresh start. c. european powers drew the current borders, splitting ethnic groups among modern countries. d. africans became more loyal to their countries than to their ethnic groups.

What type of monarch was fredrick the great ?