The last major german initiated battle in western europe that attempted to push back the allied advance was the unsuccessful:
a. battle of dunkirk
c. battle of britain
b. battle of the marne
d. battle of the bulge

c. Battle of Britain

Explanation:

After the fall of France, and the domination of a large part of the European countries, it had western continental Europe under its control. Only one country resisted: United Kingdom. The United Kingdom, commanded by Winston Churchill, was the only country in Europe that meant a great threat to the Germans. Moreover, after all its expansion, England was the only country in Europe that resisted Germany. Although initially Hitler did not intend to invade the United Kingdom, the constant help of the United States to England could cause a threat to Germany. Thus, Göring, head of the Luftwaffe, convinced Hitler to use only his air power to conquer the United Kingdom. This is how Hitler tries to dominate that country. During all the remaining months of 1940, the Germans and the English met in an aerial and terrestrial battle known as the Battle of England. The Germans attacked radars and important places of the British to lessen their power. However, the counterattack of the United Kingdom launched to Berlin on civilian targets, made Hitler enraged and ordered to bomb the United Kingdom, especially its capital London.

Between the end of 1940 and the beginning of 1941, London had been ruthlessly bombed, destroying important places, causing panic among the population and a severe blow to the United Kingdom. More than a million homes were devastated and the dead in the English capital were more than 45,000. The cities of Coventry, Liverpool, Plymouth, Bristol and Southampton were also heavily bombed. In spite of the intense battle between Germans and English, and the bombing in London, Hitler realizes that the battle only caused military and civil losses in both sides. Neither of the two nations seemed to win and the casualties were getting bigger and more frequent. Then, on May 16, 1941, Hitler ordered to stop the attack. However, both countries will remain throughout the war as the main enemies.

newly independent countries of the former ussr

d. islands off the coast of newfoundland