By 1860, manufacturing in the north outnumbered that in the south by what ratio?

During the American Civil War, the south Confederate States is way below the northern Union in terms of economy. The North has an established industrial and agricultural base with lots of transport infrastructure. Meanwhile, the South has mainly agrarian-based economy with little manufacturing, and it only has the Mississippi river as its main waterway. Manufacturing is crucial for production of goods and arms, and the North has 5 times the number of factories as the South (5:1). 

he believed that strong monarchies would lead to social and political stability.

these civilizations were located around fertile rivers, where they could produce an abundance of crops