If there are large numbers of people under 15 and over 65, what is the main challenge it creates for a country?

The main problem that a situation like this would cause to a country is that it would mean a small workforce. The workforce of a country is the population that produces goods and wealth. The economy relies on these people (working adults), and if this population reduces, the country ends up with a large dependent population and a small population to sustain the economy. This can lead to serious social and economic problems.

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