The fourth alternative is correct (D).
The first three alternatives actually talk about the positive effects of the end of World War II.
One negative effect was the polarization of the world between two countries of distinct traditions, the US, capitalist and the USSR, socialist. The influence of each of these countries divided europe between Western, capitalist ideology, and Eastern, if socialist ideology.
This was the beginning of the Cold War between US and USSR, which fought for the hegemony of power.