2. portugal and spain were rivals in the exploration of the seas. state two reasons why both nations were sending out voyages of exploration

Portugal and Spain were rivals in the exploration of the seas, both nations were sending out voyages of exploration, their main motivation was power, and profit, and  religion, another big motivation was to expand their size and influence to other lands, Portugal and Spain were trying to get into Africa and Asia in order to get their riches, christianize their people and colonize those territories, during this period both countries expanded greatly around the world. The effects of exploration felt abroad, America, Africa and finally Asia. 

I'll go with that

It is c because it shows how the author is stating their own oppinion about the protagonist