How were the mongol tribes like arrows

England and France launched the Hundred Years’ War in their competition for land; Mass destruction caused by weapons rendered European nations isolated and weak.

Mongol and Slavic invasions diversified the population of Europe; Many small but interconnected kingdoms dependent on farming and trade came to dominate the landscape.

Demands for reform provoked a second Great Schism in the Church; Papal authorities rallied to institute a revival of faith and clerical authority.

The bubonic plague severely reduced the population of Europe; Higher demand for labor increased wages and prices, leading to a market economy.

d)to gain support for the independence movement.

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