What role did the practice of devshirme play in the maintenance of a strong and loyal standing army? it prevented christians from planting spies or resistance fighters in the sultan's army. it ensured that the army contained soldiers without loyalty to other muslim tribes or families. it ensured that the sultan would have a hostage if the people he conquered tried to rebel. it cost less money to fill the army with slaves than to pay free muslim fighters, who might leave for bettter wages.

monarchy doesn’t have to have the hereditary element. there have been elective monarchies in the past where you choose your king-for-life and when he dies elect someone else for the job.

answer: born in saint-dié, in the vosges department, france, he studied law, and was called to the bar at paris in 1854,[2] but soon went into politics, contributing to various newspapers, particularly to le temps. he attacked the second french empire with great violence, directing his opposition especially against baron haussmann, prefect of the seine department. a series of his articles in le temps was later republished as the fantastic tales of haussmannlaxupa (1868).[2]

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