What is the effect of the supremacy clause in the constitution? a. states cannot pass laws that contradict the constitution. b. the structure of government cannot change over time. c. states can prevent the federal government from becoming tyrannical. d. states cannot create and enforce their own laws.

Choice (a) is the proper answer. With the supremacy clause, it lays out how the Federal government and the Constitution take precedence over state and local laws and regulations. In addition, it states that any laws passed by any other level of government has to pass muster with the Constitution before it is considered valid.

B. total incorporation