How does establishing causation historians understand the past?

What was the land that george calvert asked charles 1 used for

The chart shows data on the construction of dreadnoughts, or armed battleships, by 1914. (look at chart provided) a logical conclusion that can be drawn from this chart is that britain and germany were a.)engaged in an arms race. b.)looking for ways to cooperate. c.)hoping not to fight on land. d.)the strongest nations on the earth.

Pl hell mafter the civil war which president was called a "carpetbagger"? a. lincolnb. johnsonb. grant