What types of trade occurred between north africans (berbers) and west africans

Which events are correlated but do not necessarily have a causal relationship?

Since the 700 what was the relationship between muslims and christians on the iberian peninsula? how does this relationship impact the desire of christiannations in the iberian peninsula to spread christanity?

Which three of these issues did europe face after the war? *all that apply* a. a worldwide pandemic b. monarchy in britain c. communism in russia d. a worldwide cancellation of debts e. dislocated refugees