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The answers are as follows:
2. D.
Grangers laws refers to a series of law that was enacted in the late 1860 to early 1870 in some western states in America, which were targeted at regulating the operations of the railroads. The laws were principally promoted by farmers, who called themselves Grangers. The Grangers' law established standard freight fares and rail road passenger fares.
3. B.
Urbanization is the process by which the population in an urban area increases as a result of people who are leaving rural areas and migrating to an urban area. Urbanization usually leads to overcrowding, which put strain on the public facilities that are available for people use.

The answer is protestant reformation.