What significance did the domination of southern spain by the umayyad caliphate have on europe? 1) europeans became dependent on goods from the middle east and asia. 2) an influx of gold from mansa musa i’s empire improved the european economy. 3) spain became the center of muslim culture due to the increased volume of art and architecture. 4) spaniards migrated to africa to escape the invasion of the umayyad caliphate.

i confess that there are several parts of this constitution which i do not at present approve, but i am not sure i shall never approve them: for having lived long, i have experienced many instances of being obliged by better information or fuller consideration, to change opinions even on important subjects, which i once thought right, but found to be otherwise. it is therefore that the older i grow, the more apt i am to doubt my own judgment, and to pay more respect to the judgment of others.