All of the following are ways in which women began to challenge their roles in the work place and society except:
a. starting their own companies, because they could not work in many other jobs
c. standing up for equal rights within society, including the right to vote
b. questioning traditional roles and jobs
d. rejecting traditional gender roles within relationships

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts