What result did declaring independence have on the colonial charters?

Science made little real progress in europe in the middle ages because most scholars thought that all knowledge must fit with church teachings. science was considered to be related to magic and witchcraft. the study of science was banned from medieval universities. translations of greek science texts still had not reached medieval europe.

How were germany’s and italy’s processes of unification similar ?

Did the west show signs of cultural decline in the 20th century?