Source: Book entitled On the Ocean: The Mediterranean and the Atlantic from Prehistory to AD 1500, written by the historian and archaeologist Barry H. Cunliffe and published in 2017. The spread of the Neolithic way of life across mainland Europe was rapid. By about 5000 BC it had reached the Atlantic and the [English] Channel coast as far north as the Rhine [River]. Here it paused until about 4300 BC. . . . It was not until 4000 BC that Britain and Ireland began to experience a new wave of settlers, this time coming from . . . France and settling in the south-east of the country before spreading rapidly to colonize much of Britain and Ireland over the next two centuries. . . .

Why, then, did it take continental farmers seven centuries or more to take . . . their boats [across the narrow English Channel to colonize Britain and Ireland]? . . . Demography probably plays a part. The initial pioneering movements across Europe introduced farming into a sparsely populated landscape. After a thousand years the population had grown and in many areas the land [had] reached its holding capacity, creating a new [reason] for some communities to move away to find new ecological niches to settle.

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