Question: Explain the chapter's title: "A New World." What was new? Is "new" an appropriate term? Does perspective play a role in calling the Americas new? Be sure to comment on whether freedom was new in this New World.

I will be listing the chapter below

Chapter 1

The New World

This chapter concentrates on the contact between Indians and early European explorers and settlers in the Americas. It begins by examining the first Americans—the often quite sophisticated Native American cultures in South and North America before European contact. The next major theme is the European

expansion pioneered by the Portuguese and Spanish and propelled by the search for African gold and a direct sea route to Asia. Portuguese contact with African societies, the voyages of Columbus, and the Spanish conquest of Mexico and South America are discussed, with critical analysis of the demographic consequences of those contacts. Other aspects of Spanish colonization—including justifications for conquest, economic matters, and Spanish-Indian relations—are also considered. The next section focuses on the French and Dutch empires in North America. The relatively few French who lived in New France (French Canada) consisted mainly of fur traders, indentured servants, and Jesuit missionaries. The French drew Indians into the Atlantic economy and into conflict with European powers. The Dutch, mainly interested in trade, established friendly commercial and diplomatic relations with the Iroquois but conflicted with other Indians over land in New Netherland.

Points for Discussion

• The Europeans' understanding of freedom based on ownership of private property had little meaning to most Indian societies. What was far more important than individual autonomy to most Indian communities, and why?

• Evaluate "Gold, God, and Glory" as reasons for the European conquest of the Americas. Did one outweigh another in motivating the Europeans? How were these reasons used to justify the conquest? How genuine were they?

• The conquest of the New World by the Europeans resulted in interaction among cultures. Discuss this interaction and how it affected both the Europeans and the Indians. Be sure to discuss the demographic

consequences.

• Compare the Spanish colonies with those of the French and Dutch. Think about economies, freedoms, religion, government structure, and intermarriage. How did the French and Dutch learn from the experiences of the Spanish?

•Explain as thoroughly as you can how the slave trade affected African society.

•Explain the chapter's title: "A New World." What was new? Is "new" an appropriate term? Does perspective play a role in calling the Americas new?

•Compare Indian society with that of the Europeans. What differences were there? Similarities? Be sure to include in your analysis ideas about religion, land, and gender roles, as well as notions of freedom.

Key Terms:

Iroquois Columbian exchange Pueblo Revolt Pope

Key Concept 1.1: As native populations migrated and settled across the vast expanse of North America over time, they developed distinct and increasingly complex societies by adapting to and transforming their diverse environments.

Key Concept 1.2: Contact among Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans resulted in the Columbian Exchange and significant social, cultural, and political changes on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.