7. When Calhoun wrote that the tariff made “serfs" of the Southerners, what did he mean? Why is such a
statement ironic

Me asap with these two questions about wwi 20 points will be rewarded.1. what is the significance of the battle of somme? 2. how many years into the war did it take for germany to use poison gas on a large-scale?

1. what was the result of growing nationalism and pan-africanism on european-african relations? africans were encouraged to seek independence from europe. european colonialism grew and strengthened in africa. the change of power from european to african rule went smoothly. africans believed they could live peacefully with europeans.

How did the international community respond to south africa’s policies in the 1980s?