4.
The competition for colonies led to the
buildup of which branch of the military?

c holding free elections

the british invasion was also known as "english wave", was the predominant musical trend in the united states in the mid-60s, when numerous groups ofss rock & roll that were originally from the united kingdom, reached high levels of popularity beginning with the success of the beatles in north america. all these groups, clearly influenced by rock & roll, blues and american rhythm & blues, were able to elaborate simple songs

and catchy. in the middle of 1962 the rolling stones began like one of a series of groups that show more and more influence, along with bands like the animals and the yardbirds. in 1963, the beatles and other rhythm groups, such as the hollies, had achieved great popularity and commercial success in britain itself. the british rock received a pass to the popularity of musical currents in the united states in january 1964 with the success "i want to hold your hand" ranked number 1 on the billboard hot 100 list, beginning the british invasion of the music list of the united states.

also musical genres influenced by african rhythms such as soul, began to have popularity.

many of the best musicians in history are english: the beatles, queen, pink floyd, bowie, the smiths, led zeppelin.

the revival of interest in greek and roman influences also stimulated developments in math and science. the mathematical traditions that governed the conception of the universe were based in greek mathematics that had been preserved and built upon by scientists in muslim lands, such as nasir al-din in the 13th century. the catholic church endorsed the views of ptolemy, the greek philosopher and astronomer who constructed a geocentric theory where all planets, the moon, and the sun revolved around the earth. using calculations from al-din, polish monk and mathematician, nicholas copernicus, concluded that the geocentric theory did not make sense. instead, his data indicated that the earth and all the other planets rotated around the sun, a conclusion that he did not share widely, for fear of retaliation from the church. in fact, his heliocentric theory was not published until after his death in 1543.

the scientist that really got into trouble over the heliocentric theory was italian galileo galilei, who strengthened and improved copernicus' theory. other scientists, such as johannes kepler, had demonstrated that planets also moved in elliptical orbits, and galileo confirmed those theories as well. perhaps most famously, he built a telescope that allowed him to observe the phenomena directly, recording details of heavenly bodies that the ancients could never have known about. galileo's theories were published in the starry messenger in 1610, a highly controversial book criticized by other scientists, as well as officials of the church. galileo made the mistake of making fun of people that disagreed with him, and he was arrested and put on trial, eventually recanting his theory publicly in order to save his own life.