Bismarck’s policies included all of the following actions except: a. strengthening the German army.

b. unifying all of Germany.

c. making and breaking alliances as necessary.

d. forcing Protestants to convert to Catholicism.

d. forcing Protestants to convert to Catholicism.

Explanation:

Bismarck’s policies included all of the following actions except: "forcing Protestants to convert to Catholicism."

This is because Bismarck's policies are favored the idea of cultural struggle such that the German tradition and culture prevailed. He also wants to incapacitate the Catholic party as he saw it as a direct threat to his political ambition.

This is evident when in his bid to promote industrialization in Prussia, he joined the liberal to campaign against political Catholicism in 1873

d: their own individual powers within the new goverment

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