The court decisions Smith v. Allwright (1944), Morgan v. Virginia (1946), and Shelly v. Kraemer (1948) resulted in A. The realization that African Americans might have the court on their side. B. The Supreme Court striking down various discriminatory practices. C. African Americans being encouraged to challenge inequality in other areas of American society. D. All of the above.

D). All of the above.

Explanation:

As per the question, all the given statements assert the outcomes of different court decisions of the years 1944, 1946, and 1948. In Smith Vs. Allwright case, the ap-ex court of the U.S. declared that the voters can not be outcasted from the voting rights by discriminating against them on the grounds of race. While in Morgan Vs. Virginia case, the supreme court announced that it was unconstitutional(violation of the constitution) to segregate the riders on the basis of their race in interstate commercial buses. And in the Shelly v. Kraemer case, the court declared the racially confining covenants to be the breach of the 14th amendment that declares 'equal protection to all its citizens regarding the rights of property, freedom, and life.' Thus, option D is the correct answer.

c. the passage of the fifteenth amendment