During the siege of Petersburg, General Grant abandoned his strategy of total war.
had twice as many soldiers as Lee.
was driven back by the Confederates.
was waging war in his home state.

porter is writing economic history because he is focusing on the cost of developing vaccines.

study of past cultures

-he wants to reinforce that students and teachers still have their first amendment rights during the school day.

what does this excerpt reinforce about bismarck political views?

bismarck believed in using force.