Children in New England were required to attend school so they could become ministers.
learn to read the Bible.
learn survival and trade skills.
become teachers and missionaries.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

porter is writing economic history because he is focusing on the cost of developing vaccines.

i believe the answer to your question is b. pay your bills early