a) Describe the author’s main argument about efforts to establish a global ""human rights standard.""

Hello. You did not inform the article to which this question refers, which makes it impossible for it to be answered. However, I will try to help you in the best possible way.

In an article, the main argument of an author, is the argument that governs the entire article, that is, it is the opinion of the author on a topic, which will determine all the information presented in the article, where the author will present evidence that shows how his opinion is true and should be taken seriously. In this case, to answer your question, you must first read the entire article and identify what is the opinion that the author is defending that relates to the assertion of the existence of a "human rights standard."

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although the crusades failed to capture jerusalem, they had several major impacts on western europe. they increased the authority of the king: sometimes nobles died in battle without leaving an heir in which case the king got their land. kings passed taxes to pay for the crusades.