Why has the Supreme Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to mean that provisions of the Bill of Rights apply to the states?

They made a checks and balance system to equal power within the branches. the "check" meant that one branch would watch one branch and "balance" them if they were too powerful. if you want more info on this, i would just google checks and balance system.

Idon't think any of em are right, you need to add the number of what paragraph you got your citation from

The 4th of july  your welcome

Since most of the industry is in the north the protective tariffs would mostly benefit the north and since the south depends on its exports of cotton the protective tariff would hurt the south