How could the divisions which emerged in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century be characterized as nationalism

European nationalism, in its modern sense, was born out of the desire of a community to assert its unity and independence. In the 19th century there began a determined struggle to realise nationalist aspirations. ... It spread the ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity and generated the spirit of nationalism.

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i believe the answer would be 1.

the correct answer is:

b) a rich merchant.