How did the role of caliphs and the creation of the Umayyad dynasty lead to the major split of islam?

What effect did anti-labor union laws such as the combination acts have on the working class? a. workers were further motivated to protest against the unfair polices. b. workers had to continue working in harsh conditions and for low wages. c. working conditions improved because factory owners feared a backlash from workers. d. the working class returned to agricultural life and achieved financial success.