d. Develop a "what if" statement from the text or picture (of John Gast's “American Progress" image);

''What if the settlers did not migrate to the west, what will be the consequences''

Explanation:

''What if the settlers did not migrate to the west, what will be the consequences'' is the statement from the text or picture of John Gast's “American Progress" image. The main idea of the image is that it was the main duty and responsibility of Americans to expand the country up to the Pacific Ocean. If they did not do that, the country will be undiscovered and the American people can't take advantage of the resources present in the west.

it would be  

germany had to pay all damages related to the war.

and i think

germany had to take sole responsibility for the war.

a.

congress passed laws allowing for free passage between states.