Who argue that Jim Crow laws and discrimination denied blacks their constitutional rights

d.prevent the spread of communism outside of eastern europe.

in november 1781, john hanson became the first president of the united states in congress assembled, under the articles of confederation. many people have argued that john hanson, and not george washington, was the first president of the united states, but this is not quite true.

explanation:

the answer would be:

b. race

hello answer is b i hope that helepd.