The Meiji government’s “emulation of foreign ways” was most directly a response to which of the following nineteenth-century developments? (A) The Qing Empire forcing Japan to accept tributary relations

(B) Western states forcing Japan to open itself to trade

(C) The Qing Empire requiring Japan to make territorial concessions following the Sino-Japanese War

(D) Western states requiring Japan to accept Western advisers at the imperial court following the Opium Wars