The jungle, the octopus, and the shame of the
cities are all books that were written to
(1) support the formation of a new political party
(2) promote environmental conservation
(3) encourage reform in business and government
(4) express opinions concerning imperialism

The Jungle, The Octopus, and The Shame of the Cities are all books that were written to (3) encourage reform in business and government. The Jungle is a book which depicts the hard life of laborers and industrial workers in Chicago, The Octopus shows the struggles of people working in the railroad companies and their relationships with their bosses in California and The Shame of the Cities shows how big corporations take advantage of everyone that basically is not a member of a big corporation.

The fact that farmers were paid for destroying crops.