Under the leadership of chief justice john
marshall (1801–1835), the supreme court
expanded the influence of the national
government by
(1) forcing states to grant relief from personal
debt
(2) authorizing the president to use troops
without congressional approval
(3) ending the importation of enslaved africans
(4) strengthening federal powers over interstate
commerce and banking

Examine the causes, course, and consequences of united states westward expansion and its growing diplomatic assertiveness (war of 1812, convention of 1818, adams-onis treaty, missouri compromise, monroe doctrine, trail of tears, texas annexation, manifest destiny, oregon territory, mexican american war/mexican cession, california gold rush, compromise of 1850, kansas nebraska act, gadsden purchase).