After the civil war, the sharecropping system
emerged in the south primarily as a way to
(1) diversify agricultural production
(2) provide a labor supply to plantation owners
(3) give forty acres of land to freedmen
(4) guarantee economic equality for african
americans

no statement

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts