One way in which kemal atatürk of turkey and
shah reza pahlavi of iran are similar is that both
leaders
(1) implemented programs to modernize their
nations
(2) supported increased rights for ethnic
minorities
(3) adopted policies of nonalignment
(4) established theocracies based on islam

The correct answer is 1. Implemented programs to modernize their nations.

Explanation:

Kemal Atatürk was the first president of Turkey from 1923 to 1938 and his mandate stood out for the reforms that he carried out in order to modernize his state, based on the European culture he adopted the Gregorian calendar, closed religious schools, banned the fez, declared secularism and women had more rights. On the other hand, Shah Reza Pahlavi was Sah form Iran from 1941 to 1979, he implemented a series of reforms called "white revolution" based in the modernization of the country through improve the education system, benefit the peasants and improves the working conditions of employees.

from the above, the correct answer is 1. Implemented programs to modernize their nations.

answer: karl marx, max weber, and emile durkheim (the fourth could be considered georg simmel)

explanation:

worldwide, 780 million people do not have access to an improved water source. an estimated 2.5 billion people lack access to improved sanitation (more than 35% of the world's population)