(20 points for correct answer! ) as an ardent federalist, james madison write the federalist papers. why would he argue the articles of confederation were week? give at least two examples of these limitations.

Federalists believe a strong central government is better than a stronger state government with a weak central government, like that in the Articles of Confederation. 
One example of the weakness of the Articles of Confederation, and of weak central governments, is the strong likelihood of state secession, as states are essentially independent entities under the Articles of Confederation.
Another example would be that the Articles of Confederation serve more as a treaty between separate states than a constitution of a unified populace. The ability of states to govern their populace without influential federal interference or regulation basically means they can do whatever they choose.

It has the potential to lead to limits on rights by giving flexibility in making laws.